Formation of CdS Nanoparticles in Microemulsion Using Different Co-surfactant and Water to Surfactant Molar Ratio

Cadmium Sulphide (CdS) nanoparticles were prepared using microemulsion method using cadmium chloride as cadmium source and sodium sulphide as sulphur source. The obtained nanoparticles structures were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) whereas optical characterization was done by Ultra Violet-Visible absorption. XRD result shows that CdS nanoparticles of hexagonal phase are formed. The TEM result indicates that the synthesized CdS nanoparticles are of variable morphology like spherical, cylindrical, nanorods and nanoneedles. Histograms help to evaluate size and aspect ratio of nanoparticles. UV-Visible spectroscopy reveals that as prepared CdS nanoparticles show a quantum confinement effect with shift in band gap. It is also found that water to surfactant molar ratio (wo) and co-surfactant are vital factors in the morphology and optical properties of CdS nanoparticles.